1. Explain what might happen if two stations are accidentally assigned the same hardware address?

Solution:
                An IP address conflict occurs when two computers on a LAN (local area network) or the Internet have been assigned the same IP address. IP conflicts between two computers normally render either one or both of them unusable for network operations. Depending on the hardware used we generally get an intermittent failure on both devices because the network sees them both as one device. If we have intelligent hubs and network management software they can be identified and locked out. The actual hardware address is burned into the adapter chip by the manufacturer. We would have to override it with a locally administered address to get a duplicate.

2. What is the difference between the partial and temporal locality of reference?

Solution:
               A common trait of most such applications is locality of reference. This principle observes that an application does not access all of its data at once with equal probability. Instead, it accesses only a small portion of it at any given time. An application can exhibit temporal and/or spatial locality. If some data is referenced, then there is a high probability that it will be referenced again in the near future. This is called temporal locality. Partial Locality is where an area of memory is more likely to be referenced if another area, close by has been recently referenced.

3. If sharing reduces cost, why are shared networks used only for local communication?

Solution:

              Although sharing reduces cost but shared networks are used only for local communication due to the following reasons:

1.     There is a biggest security risk.

2.     Person sharing the router could visit your shared folders and view or copy them easily.

3.     Person sharing the router could hack your system easily.

4. Why wireless LAN can not use the same CSMA/CD mechanism that Ethernet uses?

Solution:

                  Wireless LAN can not use the same CSMA/CD mechanism that Ethernet uses because all the computers using a wireless LAN share the same radio frequency, means that wireless LANs cannot use the CSMA/CD mechanism used by Ethernet.

Answer 2:

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